What Is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

HPV is a virus that is sexually transmitted. It can affect both males and females. There are about 4o types of HPV. Most types of the virus are harmless, do not cause any symptoms, and go away on their own. If it does not go away on its own, it can develop into cancer, precancerous lesions, and genital warts, depending on the HPV type that caused the infection. It can cause cervical cancer in women and other types of cancers in males.

Who Gets It?

Anyone who is involved in sexual activity is at risk for contracting HPV. About 50% of sexually active people can be infected at one point in their lifetime¹. It is not transmitted solely through sexual intercourse. It can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Since many people show no symptoms of the disease, the virus can be transmitted between partners without even knowing it.

How Do I Know If I Have It?

Since most people do not show any symptoms of the disease, you may not know you have it. Most women are diagnosed as a result of an abnormal Pap smear. This test helps detect the presence of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix before they become precancers or cervical cancer. Early detection is important because many cervical precancers can be treated successfully if found early.

What If I Have It? Is There A Treatment?

There is no treatment for an HPV infection. In most people, HPV can be cleared by the body's defenses. If the body cannot clear the virus, some types can cause abnormal changes in the cells the line the cervix, which can lead to cervical cancer later in life. There are, however, treatments for the health problems caused by the virus.

Is There A Vaccine Available?

Yes, there is a vaccine available.

 

References:

1. Gardasil Information Sheet, Merck & Co., 2006

 

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