Ancash, Peru's Jaltomata spp

Jaltomata (Solanaceae) of the Department Ancash, Peru
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Segundo Leiva G. & Thomas Mione

The information on this page may be cited as a communication with professor Thomas Mione,
Central Connecticut State University, Biology Department, Copernicus Hall, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, Connecticut 06050-4010, United States of America.

	yungayensis	lomana	cajacayensis	andersonii	bicolor	weberbaueri	pallascana	unpublished working name "tablachaca"	unpublished working name "pequenita"	"anterapilosa"
Flower
Habit	shrub	shrub	shrub	herbaceous (perennial?)	shrub	woody at least at base	shrub	shrub	shrub
Plant Height	to 2.3 m	80 cm	to 1.1 m	20 cm	to 1.5 m	to 2 m		0.8 m
Flowers Per Inflorescence	4- to 11-flowered	5- to 7-flowered	6- to 14-flowered	1	2 - 4 (-6)	1 less commonly 2 (uncommonly to 3 with one of these being a flower and two being buds)		-5
Corolla Shape and Size (size when pressed)	campanulate to rotate, 11.5 - 15.5 mm diam	short-tubular with a spreading limb, the tube 1.6 X 4 mm at base, the limb11-14 mm diam.	short-tubular with a reflexed limb. Tube 2 X 6.5-8 mm; limb 10.3 - 19.2 mm diam.	broadly crateriform-rotate; to 3.7 cm across	tubular with a flaring to planar limb, 2 - 3 cm long	campanulate to rotate, to 6 cm across		short-tubular with a rotate limb
Corolla Color	purple with a pale green throat	white	limb dull olive green; narrow purple ring surrounding mouth of tube evident in photo	purple (brown and whitish green on one specimen)	green in Department Ancash (bicolored in Dept Lima)	purple or violet	green
Corolla having 5 pairs of maculae	yes	yes (we forgot to mention this in the protologue!)	yes	yes, visible in the photo	no	no	no	yes, visible in the photo	yes, visible in the photo
elevation (m)	(2,958) 3,000 - 4,150	450 - 650	2,400 - 2,639	2,300 - 3,400	2,945 - 3,820	(3,000-) 3,400 - 3,800		2,450 - 2,750
Both pedicel and peduncle?	yes	yes	yes	no, single unarticulated axis	yes	yes		yes
Hairs	Young axes, peduncles, pedicels, leaves, and abax calyx puberulent with branchlet and finger hairs to 0.15 mm long.	young axes, peduncles, pedicels, leaves and calyx nealy glabrous	young exes, peduncles, pedicels, and abax calyx villous with erect, gland-tipped finger hairs to 3 mm	soft, gland-tipped	glabrate or sparsely hairy with non-gland-tipped finger or dendritic hairs	glabrous (except for base of filament and adax face of corolla)		not gland-tipped, mostly finger but some have multiple termini

	yungayensis	lomana	cajacayensis	andersonii	bicolor	weberbaueri	pallascana	unpublished working name "tablachaca"	unpublished working name "pequenita"	"anterapilosa"
Stamen Length (mm)	2.8 - 3.9	5.5 - 6.5	7	6.9 - 7.2 mm	25 - 30	19.5 - 24
Filaments	villous on proximal 1/5th	villous on proximal 1/2	villous on proximal 4/5th	filaments extremely villous at base	villous on proximal 1/4th	hairy on proximal 1/10th to 1/5th
Anther color	cream	no data	cream	drying brown (or yellow if covered with pollen)	blue to purple	blue-purple	yellow,	purple or cream in nearby populations
nectar color	clear	no data	clear	clear	clear	red-orange	red-orange	clear
Fruit Color	orange	no data	said to be orange	probably orange	green according to herbarium specimen labels, but I suspect it turns orange	orange	orange	orange
Fruit Eaten?	no	no data	yes	no data	yes	yes
Months in flower	Jan, Apr, May, Jun, Oct, Dec	Jan, Sep	Jan, Jun, Nov	Jan, Feb, Mar	Nov - July (mostly Jan, Mar, Apr)	Jan, Mar, Apr, May, Jun	at least March (type) and May	May, June
Endemic to department Ancash?	yes	yes	yes	no all specimens but one are from department Lima	no but if the purple-corolla plants (Dept Lima) are considered a different sp. the answer will be yes	yes		no		yes
Common? Rare?	closer to common than rare	rare	locally common	rare in department Ancash	common	uncommon to rare	common	common
Bowl-shaped layer of tissue formed by bases of stamens?	no	no	no	no	no	no	no	no

	yungayensis	lomana	cajacayensis	andersonii	bicolor	weberbaueri	pallascana	unpublished working name "tablachaca"	unpublished working name "pequenita"	"anterapilosa"
Synonyms	none	none	none	none	Hebecladus bicolor (R. & P.) Miers. H. biflorus (R. & P.) Miers. H. intermedius Miers H. weberbaueri Dammer	Saracha weberbaueri Dammer		quite likely Hebecladus weberbaueri Bitter	none	none
Sources	Mione et al. 2000	Mione et al. 2000	Mione et al. 2000	Mione, Leiva G. & Yacher 2004	Mione et al. 1993; Mione 2001	Mione & Coe 1992; Mione & Granda 2006	fieldwork done May 2008	fieldwork done May 2008	fieldwork done May 2008	none
in this table photo or illustration by	T. Mione	S. Leiva G.	T. Mione	T. Mione	T. Mione	T. Mione	T. Mione	T. Mione	T. Mione	S. Leiva G.
T. Mione, S. Leiva G. & Yacher collection numbers	628, 629, 630, 723, 724	631	624, 729	616, 620,622	612, 617, 625, 627, 726, 728	626, 725	783, 790, 791	780, 781	782	none
Page Number in Brako and Zarucchi	this sp. had not been described when I contributed to this work	this sp. had not been described when I contributed to this work	this sp. had not been described when I contributed to this work	this sp. had not been described when I contributed to this work	page 1107	page 1108	page 1108, as a synonym of J. weberbaueri		this sp. had not been described when I contributed to this work	this sp. had not been described when I contributed to this work
Page Number(s) in Macbride 1962	this sp. was not described	what is now the type specimen of this sp. was then considered to represent Saracha dentata on page 34	this sp. was not described	this sp. was not described	pages 30-31 as Hebecladus bicolor; page 35 as H. intermedius	page 40 as Saracha weberbaueri	page 40 as a synonym of Saracha weberbaueri		this sp. was not described	this sp. was not described

Key (needs revision after the discover of several more species during fieldwork May 2008) to the Jaltomata of Department Ancash, Peru:

1. Stamens longer than 15 mm...................... 2.
1. Stamens shorter than 15 mm . . . . . . . . . . . 3.

2. Corolla tubular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. bicolor
2. Corolla campanulate to rotate . . . . . J. weberbaueri

3. Flowers solitary, single unarticulated axis instead of peduncle and pedicel . . . . . J. andersonii
3. Flowers per inflorescence greater than one, both peduncle and pedicel present. . . . . 4.

4. Corolla campanulate to rotate, filaments villous along less than proximal half. . . . . . J. yungayensis
4. Corolla proximally short-tubular, filaments villous at least on proximal one-half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.

5. Plant hairy. . . . . . . . . . . . . J. cajacayensis
5. Plant glabrous . . . . . . . . . . . J. lomana

Comparison With Department Lima: The department of Lima borders the department of Ancash on Ancash's south side. Two of the species are shared (J. andersonii & J. bicolor). Only one specimen of J. andersonii has been collected in the department of Ancash. Regarding J. bicolor, in Ancash the corolla is green (as shown above) and in department Lima the corolla is purple. If these actually represent different species then the plants from Ancash will get a new name. If J. bicolor is split in this manner, then we will report that only one Jaltomata species is shared in the departments of Lima and Ancash. With the current taxonomy, two of Lima's seven species are shared with Ancash, and two of Ancash's species are shared with the department of Lima.

Red-Orange Nectar: In the Department of Ancash J. weberbaueri and J. pallascana comb ined produce red-orange nectar. Click here for a table of Jaltomata species having red to orange nectar.

Islands: One of these species (J. lomana) may be viewed as growing on a virtual island (lomas). Two additional Jaltomata species grow on oceanic islands, J. antillana (Greater Antilles) and J. werffii (Galápagos Islands).

Literature Cited
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Acknowledgements: Segundo Leiva G. and I thank Leon Yacher for his collaboration. David Spooner sent T. M. his specimens. Gregory J. Anderson and Gabriel Bernardello provided an environment that was conducive to the birth of this project as T. M.'s dissertation.